HUMAN CENTRIC LIGHTING

How light affects
people

What is Human Centric Lighting?

Human Centric Lighting (HCL) is a trend in the ‘lighting’ industry that explores how lighting influences people's wellbeing, both physically and psychologically. It is based on biological phenomena that occurs in the body and that are influenced by light. This is a natural process with natural daylight in an outdoor space, however, most indoor spaces are dominated by artificial light. We can influence this process by using artificial lighting wisely. With colour changing lighting and the correct, intelligent control system, we can let the artificial lighting follow and imitate natural daylight.

Most beneficial in Healthcare

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Applications for HCL?

HCL can be used for any application, but research suggests that it will be most effective in healthcare (first and foremost elderly care and mental healthcare), schools and offices. The results will be more significant in places where natural light is less abundant.



Although effects of Human Centric Lighting are well established in a laboratory setting, scientific research on the effectiveness in a real-life installation is still ongoing. Subjective feedback is very positive for certain applications, and indications are strong that it has a positive impact on wellbeing.

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Human Centric Lighting - How light affects people

The effect on body and mind

Thousands of years of evolution have made the human body and physiology know when to rest, sleep and be active. This is called the circadian rhythm. It not only determines when we sleep, but also when we eat and influences our body temperature, blood sugar levels, cell repair and much more.

This rhythm is governed by the natural fluctuation of hormones, cortisol and melatonin. The levels are influenced by our activity, lifestyle, and external factors such as sunlight and temperature.
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Cortisol & Melatonin levels during the day
Melatonin
Melatonin is the sleep hormone and is manufactured in the brain. The level goes up when the sun goes down and peaks around 10 pm. This is when we get tired and are starting to look forward to going to bed. The level of melatonin stays high until the sun comes up and we experience daylight. The sun rays cause the melatonin to break down.

Cortisol
Cortisol is the opposite from Melatonin. This hormone is produced by glands sitting on top of the kidneys. Cortisol governs activity by making us awake and alert. It is also known as the ‘stress hormone’ when levels are too high, but at normal levels it is healthy and even necessary and co-manages our circadian rhythm.
When melatonin levels drop in the early morning, the cortisol levels rise and this causes us to wake up. It peaks around 8am and then slowly drops during the day. This explains why it is best to do cognitive tasks in the morning around 10am.

Light falling on the receptors in our eyes influence the production of both melatonin and cortisol. This light can be natural daylight, or artificial light. ‘Low’ light levels help produce melatonin, ‘higher’, brighter light levels help produce cortisol. Therefore, people feel more active in the summertime. However, during the winter, and especially when indoors, the absence of light has a negative effect and can make us feel down and even lead to depression.

Sunlight over a day

Ask a person what is the best quality of light and the answer is normally: daylight. However, without us realising, daylight is not a fixed and defined kind of light. It is changing continuously; varying over the course of a day, but also changed by other conditions (for example clouds). Both the intensity and the colour change over time. It starts with an orange/pink low light level in the morning, going to a bright blue-ish colour in the afternoon, back to orange and then to very low moonlight levels at night.

sunlight
Circadian - light levels throughout the day
Luminous intensity
The amount of light, or luminous intensity, has a direct effect on how people feel. Higher Light levels increase the production of Cortisol, which then suppresses the level of melatonin, making us more alert. This process starts at around 300 lux and continues to approximately 1000lux. Higher light intensity does not have an incremental effect.
Colour temperature
The colour temperature of the light also changes throughout the day, but the effect on humans is not as clear-cut as with the luminous intensity. Different people react differently to colour temperature, and where we ‘feel’ best is mainly down to preference. Nevertheless, it is observed that colour temperatures above 4500K have a positive effect on alertness.
Circadian - colour temperature

How to use artificial light

So, lighting does have a significant effect on people. Outdoors, it is over to the elements. However, indoors we can influence it by adapting the artificial lighting. The more an environment relies on artificial lighting, the more impact we can have. The closer to the equator, the more it is determined by the sun. This makes Northern parts of Europe (Nordics, Netherlands, North Germany, and of course the United Kingdom and Ireland) good candidates. This is the field of Human Centric Lighting.



Both the light intensity and colour of light have an effect. Where the intensity has a biological effect, the colour is more emotional. Research shows, although most is very empirical, that there is a positive effect. Scientific tests prove the effect in a laboratory setting. However, a real-life setting includes much more external environmental conditions that influence people. Nevertheless, several studies do report positive qualitative effects.



The effect is greatest in following applications:



Healthcare appears to be the most suitable candidate for HCL. For one, people are there 24-hours per day. Furthermore, research shows that tailored lighting can improve measures of sleep, depression and agitation. HCL would cover a 24-hour period with stimulating light in the morning, ‘winding down’ lighting in the afternoon and relaxing, cosy light levels in the evening. At night, ‘dark’ amber lighting (without blue elements) would accommodate sleep.


The effect in education and offices is less pronounced, however the emotional aspect is more important. It can stimulate activity levels at the right times of day, especially when natural lighting is limited. During lunch time hours lighting can be dimmed for energy saving purposes. In educational settings and meeting rooms in offices it is perceived very helpful if scenes can be selected to support a certain task or activity. For example 4 scenes of lighting that stimulate: activity, focussing, relaxing and attention.

In other applications the effects are less pronounced.


For example, it is not very effective in night shifts (24/7 industries) because you can only control the lighting in less than half of the person’s day. Nevertheless, some effects have been demonstrated. Having said that, the emotional aspects of Human Centric Lighting are more subjective and can apply to any environment. In the end, the ‘quality of light’ is relevant to all situations.

Mymesh Management System

How to manage it

There are many ways to use artificial lighting in Human Centric Lighting. The ‘light recipe’ is the know-how of the company supplying it. Some companies do it with ‘simple’ tunable white (mixing of warm and cool white), and others add ‘amber light’ to create a more comfortable light in a night setting. Then there are companies using RGB, RGB-W and RGB-WCW and solutions with upto 7 different channels of light to mimic the sun as closely as possible.



The right curve will be the optimisation of the combination of light intensity and light colour throughout the day. A lighting control system can control these set-points and combine them with other inputs, both from the user (for example, selecting specific lighting scenes) and the environment (for example natural light).

About the network

Mymesh comes in the form of a small device (LED controller or LED driver) that connects to any LED light, at any location. After Mymesh is connected to your light, it automatically begins to receive and transmit radio signals to communicate with surrounding lights.

The animation illustrates how a signal moves through our wireless network. When a control signal is received from any location in the network, all surrounding devices start to forward that signal to nearby devices. Those receive, process and forward that signal too. This system makes the network extremely scalable and very robust. A traditional cable only gives you one route to reach a device, Mymesh literally gives you thousands.
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How the Mymesh signal moves through our wireless network
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